Ubushyuhe bwa Cummins hamwe nigitutu cyumuvuduko wumuvuduko 4921479

Twandikire

Ibintu byayo byunvikana ntabwo bihuye nikintu cyapimwe, nacyo cyitwa igikoresho cyo gupima ubushyuhe budahuye. Iki gikoresho kirashobora gukoreshwa mugupima ubushyuhe bwubuso bwibintu byimuka, intego nto nibintu bifite ubushyuhe buke cyangwa ihinduka ryihuse ryubushyuhe (transient), kandi birashobora no gukoreshwa mugupima ubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwumurima.

Ikoreshwa cyane ridahuza thermometero rishingiye kumategeko shingiro yimirasire ya blackbody kandi yitwa imirasire yumuriro. Imirasire yumuriro ikubiyemo uburyo bwo kumurika (reba pyrometrike optique), uburyo bwimirasire (reba imirasire pyrometero) nuburyo bwa colimetricike (reba ibara rya termometero). Ubwoko bwose bwimirasire yuburyo bwa termometrie burashobora gupima gusa ubushyuhe bwa fotometrike, ubushyuhe bwimirasire cyangwa ubushyuhe bwamabara. Gusa ubushyuhe bwapimwe kumwirabura (ikintu gikurura imirasire yose ariko ntigaragaza urumuri) nubushyuhe nyabwo. Niba ushaka gupima ubushyuhe nyabwo bwikintu, ugomba gukosora emissivitike yubuso bwibintu. Nyamara, hejuru yubuso bwibikoresho ntibiterwa gusa nubushyuhe nuburebure bwumurongo, ahubwo biterwa nubuso bwubuso, gutwikira hamwe na microstructure, kubwibyo biragoye kubipima neza. Mu musaruro wikora, akenshi birakenewe gukoresha imishwarara yumuriro kugirango bapime cyangwa bagenzure ubushyuhe bwubuso bwibintu bimwe na bimwe, nkubushyuhe bwikaraga bwicyuma, ubushyuhe bwumuzingo, ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwibyuma bitandukanye bishongeshejwe mu itanura cyangwa rikomeye. Muri ibi bihe byihariye, biragoye rwose gupima emissivitike yikintu hejuru. Kubipimo byikora no kugenzura ubushyuhe bwubuso bukomeye, ikindi cyuma gishobora gukoreshwa kugirango habeho umwobo wumukara hamwe nubuso bwapimwe. Ingaruka yimirasire yinyongera irashobora kunoza imirasire ikora neza hamwe na coeffisente yangiza yubuso bwapimwe. Ukoresheje coefficient nziza yangiza, ubushyuhe bwapimwe bukosorwa nigikoresho, hanyuma amaherezo ubushyuhe nyabwo bwubuso bwapimwe burashobora kuboneka. Indorerwamo isanzwe cyane ni indorerwamo. Imirasire ya diffuse yubuso bwapimwe hafi yumupira wumupira irashobora kugarukwaho hejuru yindorerwamo ya hemispherical kugirango habeho imirasire yinyongera, bityo bikazamura coeffisiyoneri ikora neza, aho ε ni emissivité yubuso bwibintu kandi ρ nibigaragaza y'indorerwamo. Kubijyanye no gupima imirasire yubushyuhe nyabwo bwa gaze nibitangazamakuru byamazi, uburyo bwo kwinjiza umuyoboro wibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe mubwimbuto runaka kugirango ube umwobo wumwirabura urashobora gukoreshwa. Coefficente yimyuka yimyuka ya silindrike nyuma yuburinganire bwumuriro hamwe nuburyo buboneka kubarwa. Mu gupima no kugenzura byikora, agaciro karashobora gukoreshwa mugukosora ubushyuhe bwapimwe bwa cavit yo hasi (ni ukuvuga ubushyuhe bwo hagati) no kubona ubushyuhe nyabwo bwikigereranyo.

Ibyiza byo gupima ubushyuhe budahuye:

Imipaka yo hejuru yo gupimwa ntabwo igarukira gusa ku kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwibintu byerekana ubushyuhe, bityo rero nta karimbi k’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bushobora gupimwa. Kubushyuhe bwo hejuru hejuru ya 1800 ℃, uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe budahuza. Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya infragre, gupima ubushyuhe bwimirasire byagiye bigenda byiyongera kuva kumucyo ugaragara kugera kumucyo utagira urumuri, kandi byakoreshejwe munsi ya 700 ℃ kugeza mubushyuhe bwicyumba hamwe n’ibisubizo bihanitse.